Table 13. Average Wholesale Price for From and To Trade by Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
(Cents per Kilowatthour)
| IOU | Purchased Power | Sales for Resale | ||||||
| From IOU and Bought by IOU | To IOU and Sold by IOU | |||||||
| Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | |
| 1990 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.7 |
| 1991 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 3.7 |
| 1992 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 3.7 |
| 1993 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 3.7 |
| 1994 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 3.6 |
| 1995 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 4.7 | 3.6 |
| 1996 | 4.5 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 3.4 |
| Federal | From IOU and Bought by Federal | To Federal and Sold by IOU | ||||||
| Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | |
| 1990 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 2.4 | - | 2.6 |
| 1991 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 5.3 | 2.0 | - | 2.6 |
| 1992 | 2.5 | 2.3 | - | 2.4 | 5.9 | 2.1 | - | 2.5 |
| 1993 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.5 | - | 2.7 |
| 1994 | 3.1 | 2.5 | - | 3.3 | 4.8 | 2.3 | - | 2.7 |
| 1995 | 2.4 | 1.7 | - | 2.0 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.8 |
| 1996 | 2.5 | 1.5 | - | 1.8 | 4.0 | 2.1 | - | 2.8 |
| State | From IOU and Bought by State | To State and Sold by IOU | ||||||
| Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | |
| 1990 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 4.0 |
| 1991 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 4.1 |
| 1992 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 16.5 | 3.8 |
| 1993 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 7.2 | 4.0 |
| 1994 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 2.4 | - | 3.9 |
| 1995 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 1.7 | 22.4 | 3.5 |
| 1996 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 1.7 | - | 3.2 |
| Municipalities | From IOU and Bought by Municipalities | To Municipalities and Sold by IOU | ||||||
| Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | |
| 1990 | 5.7 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 8.3 | 4.0 |
| 1991 | 5.5 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 3.9 |
| 1992 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.4 | - | 3.9 |
| 1993 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 3.9 |
| 1994 | 6.0 | 3.2 | - | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 3.8 |
| 1995 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 2.9 | - | 3.7 |
| 1996 | 4.8 | 3.2 | - | 3.9 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 7.8 | 3.5 |
| Cooperative | From IOU and Bought by Cooperatives | To Cooperatives and Sold by IOU | ||||||
| Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | |
| 1990 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 9.1 | 4.0 |
| 1991 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 3.9 |
| 1992 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 4.0 |
| 1993 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 3.3 | - | 3.9 |
| 1994 | 4.7 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 3.4 | - | 4.2 |
| 1995 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 3.3 | 25.2 | 4.2 |
| 1996 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 2.4 | - | 4.0 |
| Other | From IOU and Bought by Other Entities | To Other Entities and Sold by IOU | ||||||
| Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | Firm | Non-Firm | Misc. | Total | |
| 1990 | 4.8 | 4.7 | - | 4.8 | 3.2 | 2.4 | - | 2.8 |
| 1991 | 5.4 | 3.8 | - | 4.7 | 3.1 | 2.2 | - | 2.4 |
| 1992 | 5.6 | 3.8 | - | 4.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 9.3 | 2.5 |
| 1993 | 5.5 | 3.7 | - | 4.6 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 5.3 | 2.4 |
| 1994 | 5.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
| 1995 | 5.5 | 3.9 | - | 4.6 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.3 |
| 1996 | 6.1 | 3.6 | - | 4.7 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
| Note: "Other entities" refers to power pools, international trade, and nonutility purchases. Source: Energy Information Administration, Wholesale Electric Trade Data Base, 1990-1996. Data for 1996 are preliminary. | ||||||||